Facial Expressions

Relaxed

  • Neutral expression of relaxed animal
  • Eyes open and calm
  • Facial muscles appear relaxed
  • Positive welfare indicator

Sleepy Face

  • Relaxed face with eyes half closed and mouth slightly open
  • Facial muscles appear relaxed
  • Positive welfare indicator

Alert Stare

  • Stare with eyes open, mouth closed
  • Head held upright and may visually scan surrounding environment
  • Vigilant
  • Negative welfare indicator if persistent

Slit Stare

  • Stare with eyelids half closed, eyes slits and lowered brow
  • Submissive
  • In response to being approached by an aggressive marmosets

Open-mouth in Play

  • Mouth open with teeth bared, or not, but eyes and face relaxed
  • Playful/friendly
  • Positive welfare indicator

Frown

  • Stare with open eyes and lowered brow
  • Aggressive
  • To cause approaching marmoset to retreat

Bared Teeth Grin/Scream

  • Mouth open, teeth bared (teeth visible and corners of mouth drawn back)
  • Submissive/fearful
  • In response to being approached by an aggressor, being ‘chastised’
  • Negative welfare indicator

Open-mouth in Surprise/Fear

  • Stare with eyes and mouth open
  • Fearful
  • Negative welfare indicator if persistent

Tufts Flattened

  • Tufts/ears flatten against the head
  • Usually in fear (or in aggressive situation indicating submission), although it occasionally occurs in play so context is important
  • In response to aggression it is submissive

Tufts Flick Stare

  • Marmoset flicks tufts/ears backwards and then forwards
  • Occurs in aggressive contexts but in some others, so context is important

Tufts Held Forwards

  • Tufts/ears held forwards and the face may redden
  • Aggressive
  • May be given before attacking another marmoset